The Iraq-ISIS Conflict in Maps, Photos and Video
SYRIA
IRAQ
NORTH
Sinuni
About 5 miles
From Sinjar
About 13 miles
TO BORDER
Khana
Sor
ABOUT 70
MILES TO
MOSUL
Sinjar Mountains
Elevation 4,449 ft.
Kursi
Road
controlled
by isis
25 miles
Bara
Sinjar
Jaddala
Area
visible
Sukainiya
Mosul
IRAQ
Baghdad
Armed clashes reported
this week
ABOUT 250 MILES TO BAGHDAD
Mosul
Islamist militants have controlled Iraq's second-largest city since June 10.
Mosul Dam
Captured by
militants on
Thursday.
ABOUT 150 MILES
TO BAGHDAD
Iraq
Mahmour
Bombed by American
jets on Friday.
Gwer
Bombed on Thursday.
About 40
miles TO
ERBIL
About 35
miles TO
ERBIL
Kalak
Historic citadel
of Erbil
United States Consulate
is in this neighborhood
Chammah
ERBIL
AIRPORT
Area
visible
Erbil
Erbil
Kurdish capital
IRAQ
Baghdad
NORTH
Sources: American and Kurdish officials
Areas of ISIS Influence
Key controlled locations
Full control
Recurring attacks
Iraq’s Tangle of Insurgent Groups
Published July 12
Though
ISIS has grown to be the most powerful militant group in Iraq, its
foothold in the country relies on negotiating a shifting tangle of
smaller groups and alliances. This is a snapshot of the active militant
groups in provinces north and west of Baghdad, based on information from
the Pentagon and other U.S. officials and reporting by Times
journalists in Iraq. Related article »
Naqshbandia Order/J.R.T.N.
Baathist
Active in: Diyala, Salahuddin
ISIS relationship: Fighting
Established in 2007, the group's reputed leader was a
high-ranking deputy in Saddam Hussein's regime. The group is believed to
have initially assisted ISIS in its push south from Mosul.
1920 Revolution Brigades
Baathist
Active in: Diyala, Anbar
ISIS relationship: Fighting in some areas
Formed by disaffected Iraqi Army officers who were left
without jobs after the Americans dissolved the military in 2003.
Islamic Army of Iraq
Salafist
Active in: Diyala, Salahuddin, Anbar
ISIS relationship: Periodic fighting
ISIS has targeted family members of the leadership of this
group, which has long had a presence in Diyala and has been involved in
past sectarian battles.
Mujahedeen Army
Salafist
Active in: Diyala, Salahuddin, Anbar
ISIS relationship: Truce
A nationalist Islamist group that advocates overthrowing the Iraqi government.
Khata'ib al-Mustapha
Salafist
Active in: Diyala
ISIS relationship: Truce
Islamic militants who fight against the government.
Army of Muhammad
Salafist
Active in: Anbar
ISIS relationship: Allies
Islamic militants who fight against the government.
Khata'ib Tawrat al-Ashreen
Anti-government Sunni Tribe
Active in: Diyala, Salahuddin
ISIS relationship: Truce
Sunni tribes opposed to the Iraqi government.
Ansar al-Islam/Ansar al-Sunna
Islamist Jihadist
Active in: Diyala
ISIS relationship: Fighting
An Al Qaeda-affiliated group that has led a number of deadly attacks in Iraq over the years.
Turkey
PREDOMINANTLY
KURDISH AREAS
Iran
Al Kasik
military base
Rabia
Aleppo
Mosul
Sinjar
Kirkuk
Syria
Tuz
Khurmatu
Leb.
Khanaqin
Kurdish autonomous region
Damascus
Baghdad
Iraq
JORDAN
Amman
Najaf
turkey
Syrian RefugeesMost
of the Syrians who have been displaced have fled to Jordan, Lebanon and
Turkey. Nearly all of those fleeing to Iraq have gone to the Kurdish autonomous region.
iran
Mosul
Raqqa
Erbil
Aleppo
Kurdish
autonomous
region
Kirkuk
syria
lebanon
Damascus
Thousands of
refugees at
destination
Baghdad
iraq
ISRAEL
jordan
10
100
Saudi Arabia
turkey
iran
Displaced IraqisThe rapid advance of Sunni militants from Mosul toward Baghdad
displaced an estimated 500,000 Iraqis in recent weeks, adding to the
hundreds of thousands displaced earlier this year. Many have gone to the
already crowded camps in the Kurdish autonomous region.
Mosul
Raqqa
Erbil
Aleppo
Kirkuk
syria
leb.
Damascus
iraq
Baghdad
jordan
Amman
ISRAEL
Saudi Arabia
- Ottoman Empire
- Sykes-Picot Agreement
- Current Boundaries
Ottoman provincial borders
Current borders
Adana
Turkey
Persia
Aleppo
Aleppo
Nicosia
Mosul
Iran
Zor
Beirut
Syria
Lebanon
Beirut
Lebanon
Damascus
Baghdad
Syria
Iraq
Beirut
Baghdad
Tel Aviv
Amman
Jerusalem
Israel
Basra
Jordan
Jerusalem
Saudi Arabia
Kuwait
Kuwait
Sykes-Picot
Current borders
Turkey
French Control
Aleppo
Independent Arab states
under French influence
Nicosia
Iran
Syria
Lebanon
British
Control
Beirut
Damascus
Iraq
Independent
Arab states under
British influence
International
Zone
Baghdad
Tel Aviv
Amman
British Control
Jerusalem
Israel
Jordan
Saudi Arabia
Kuwait
Kuwait
Shiite
Sunni
Shiite/Sunni mixed
Other religions
Kurdish
Turkey
Aleppo
Nicosia
Iran
Syria
Lebanon
Beirut
Damascus
Iraq
Baghdad
Tel Aviv
Amman
Jerusalem
Israel
Jordan
Saudi Arabia
Kuwait
Kuwait
Ottoman Empire
Before WWI, the Middle East was divided into several administrative provinces under the Ottoman Empire. Modern Iraq is roughly made up of the Ottoman provinces of Mosul, Baghdad, and Basra.
Key
Border crossing
Crossing controlled by ISIS
TO DAMASCUS
TO ALEPPO
TURKEY
Tanf
Controlled by
Syrian government
SYRIA
Euphrates
River
JORDAN
Yaroubia
Syrian
Kurdish
forces
Karamah
Jordanian
Army
SYRIAN
DESERT
Waleed
Unclear
Trebil
Unclear
Bukamal
ISIS
WESTERN
BORDER
OF IRAQ
Rabia
Iraqi Kurdish
pesh merga
Area of
detail
Qaim
ISIS
SYRIA
iraq
NORTH
IRAQ
JORDAN
30 MILES
TO BAGHDAD
Syria and
Jordan
Karamah
Control Jordanian ArmyThe Jordanian army has increased security at the crossing, which remains open, but with little traffic.
Tanf
Control Syrian governmentBukamal
ControlISISSeized June 25
A local agreement between ISIS and the Nusra Front on June 25 effectively placed Bukamal under ISIS control. By June 30, ISIS had wrested full control of the town and border crossing.
Yaroubia
Control Syrian Kurdish forcesSeized October 2013
This side is controlled by Syrian Kurdish forces affiliated with a party that is engaged in a power struggle with Iraqi Kurdish leaders.
Iraq
Trebil
Control UnclearISIS took this crossing on June 22 after Iraqi forces fled, but recent reports of vehicle traffic from Jordan indicate that the crossing may be back the hands of the government.
Waleed
Control UnclearISIS took this crossing on June 22. The Iraqi government said that it is back in control of the crossing, but this could not be confirmed.
Qaim
Control ISISSeized June 20
ISIS took control of the municipal council, customs office, border crossing and Iraqi police station, increasing its already significant presence on the main route between Baghdad and Aleppo. The Iraqi government said it abandoned the crossing in a strategic move to concentrate forces in Baghdad.
Rabia
Control Iraqi Kurdish pesh mergaSeized June 10
Kurdish pesh merga forces secured this crossing on June 10 immediately following the fall of Mosul.
Key
Sunni majority
Shiite majority
Christian majority
Mixed areas
2003
Sadr
City
Kadhimiya
Adhamiya
BAGHDAD
Green Zone
Baghdad
Airport
Tigris River
2 miles
2009
Adhamiya
Huriya
BAGHDAD
Green Zone
Amiriya
Baghdad
Airport
Tigris River
2 miles
2003: Before the Invasion
Before the American invasion, Baghdad’s
major sectarian groups lived mostly side by side in mixed
neighborhoods. The city’s Shiite and Sunni populations were roughly
equal, according to Juan Cole, a University of Michigan professor and
Middle East expert.
2009: Violence Fuels Segregation
Sectarian violence exploded in 2006.
Families living in areas where another sect was predominant were
threatened with violence if they did not move. By 2009 Shiites were a
majority, with Sunnis reduced to about 10 percent to 15 percent of the
population.
• Kadhimiya, a historically Shiite neighborhood, is home to a sacred Shiite shrine.
• Adhamiya, a historically Sunni neighborhood, contains the Abu Hanifa Mosque, a Sunni landmark.
• Adhamiya, a historically Sunni neighborhood, contains the Abu Hanifa Mosque, a Sunni landmark.
• The Green Zone became the heavily fortified center of American operations during the occupation.
• Sadr City was the center of the insurgent Mahdi Army, led by the Shiite cleric Moktada al-Sadr.
• Sadr City was the center of the insurgent Mahdi Army, led by the Shiite cleric Moktada al-Sadr.
• Huriya was transformed in 2006 when the Mahdi Army pushed out hundreds of families in a brutal spasm of sectarian cleansing.
• More than 8,000 displaced families relocated to Amiriya, the neighborhood where the Sunni Awakening began in Baghdad.
• More than 8,000 displaced families relocated to Amiriya, the neighborhood where the Sunni Awakening began in Baghdad.
• Adhamiya, a Sunni island in Shiite east Baghdad, was walled and restricted along with other neighborhoods in 2007 for security.
• Neighborhoods east of the Tigris River are generally more densely populated than areas to the west.
• Neighborhoods east of the Tigris River are generally more densely populated than areas to the west.
Source: Dr. M. Izady, Columbia University’s Gulf 2000 project
ABOUT 100
MILES TO
MOSUL
ABOUT 50 MILES
TO KIRKUK
Power
plant
1
Tigris
River
Oil refinery
Employee
dormitories
Village
Employee
village
Village
Smoke plume
at 10:30 a.m.
Wednesday.
Baiji
ABOUT 115 MILES
TO BAGHDAD
1 MILE
Key 
Towns attacked 
Bomb attacks
Towns attacked Bomb attacks
ABOUT 140 MILES
TO MOSUL
Miles from
Central Baghdad
ABOUT 80 MILES
TO KIRKUK
70
Adhaim
June 15
Samarra
JUNE 11, 13, 17
60
Al-Mutasim
JUNE 14
Dhuluiya
JUNE 12
50
Ishaqi
Muqdadiya
The Iraqi army retook control of Ishaqi and Muqdadiya on June 14. In Muqdadiya, a Shiite militia assisted the government forces.
40
Dujail
JUNE 14
30
Militants took control of several neighborhoods in Baquba on June 16 but were repulsed by security officers after a three-hour gun battle.
Baquba
June 16, 17
Tarmiyah
JUNE 11
20
Falluja and many towns in the western province of Anbar have been under ISIS control for about six months.
Tigris
River
10
At least five bomb attacks occurred in Baghdad, mainly in Shiite areas, in the week after the rebel group took Mosul.
Sadr City
Kadhimiya
Falluja
Bab al-Sheikh
Al-Bab Al-Sharqi
Baghdad
Saidiyah
100
80
60
Attacks That Could Be Attributed to ISIS
40
20
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
Mosul
Kirkuk
Baghdad
IRAQ
Basra
2004
51 attacks
2005
58 attacks
2006
5 attacks
2007
56 attacks
2008
62 attacks
2009
78 attacks
2010
86 attacks
2011
34 attacks
2012
603 attacks
2013
419 attacks
| 2004-05 The group emerges as “Al Qaeda in Iraq” following the U.S.-led invasion of Iraq. Its goal is to provoke a civil war. | 2006-07 The group’s February 2006 bombing of one of Iraq's most revered Shiite shrines ignites sectarian violence across the country. After merging with several other Sunni insurgent groups, it changes its name to the Islamic State of Iraq. | 2008-10 I.S.I. claims responsibility for more than 200 attacks, many in densely-populated areas around Baghdad. | 2011-12 The group is relatively quiet for most of 2011, but re-emerges after American troops withdraw from Iraq. | 2013 Seeing new opportunities for growth, I.S.I. enters Syria’s civil war and changes its name to reflect a new aim of establishing an Islamic religious state spanning Iraq and Syria. Its success in Syria bleeds over the border to Iraq. |
Note: Before 2011, less information was
available on who was responsible for attacks, so the number of ISIS
attacks from 2004 to 2010 may be undercounted.
Sources: Global Terrorism Database, National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (attack data); Congressional Research Service; Council on Foreign Relations; Long War Journal; Institute for the Study of War
Mosul
Area of
detail
Tikrit
June 13
June 10
Mosul captured
Baghdad
Iraq
Jalawla
Kirkuk
Sadiyah
June 11
Tikrit
captured
Basra
June 12
Dhuluiya captured
June 11-12
Samarra
Tigris R.
About 110 miles
Attacks in
the days after
Mosul captured
30
June 11
Parts of Baiji
captured
20
30
Baghdad
Ishaki Dujail
June 14
Taji
Lake Tharthar
Falluja
Ramadi
Euphrates R.
After capturing Mosul, Tikrit and parts of a refinery in Baiji, insurgents attacked Samarra, where Shiite militias helped pro-government forces. Then, they seized Jalawla and Sadiyah but were forced back by government troops backed by Kurdish forces. They continued their moves south by Ishaki and Dujail.
turkey
Hasakah
Mosul
Erbil
Aleppo
Raqqa
Kirkuk
Deir al-Zour
iran
Baiji
syria
Tikrit
Homs
Jalawla
lebanon
Samarra
Dhuluiya
Damascus
iraq
Baghdad
israel
saudi
arabia
jordan
kuwait
Mosul
Kirkuk
Baiji
Tikrit
Dhuluiyah
Samarra
Ramadi
Baghdad
Iraq
Falluja
Tigris
Euphrates River
Basra
Predominant group
Sunni Arab
Shiite Arab
Kurd
50 miles
Mosul
Then: American forces took
control of Mosul in April 2003. What followed was a period of relative
peace until mid-2004 when periodic insurgent attacks flared, resulting
in a large-scale battle in November. The death toll reached dozens,
including a number of Iraqi soldiers who were publicly beheaded.
Related Article »
Now: In perhaps the most stunning recent development,
Sunni militants drove Iraqi military forces out of Mosul on June 10,
forcing a half-million residents to flee the city. Iraqi soldiers
reportedly dropped their weapons and donned civilian clothing to escape
ISIS insurgents.
Moises Saman for The New York Times
Falluja
Then: Falluja played a
pivotal role in the American invasion of Iraq. It was the site of a
number of large-scale battles with insurgents. In April 2003, it became a
hot bed for controversy when American soldiers opened fire on civilians
after claiming they had been shot at. Incessant fighting left the city
decimated, leveling a majority of its infrastructure and leaving about
half its original population.
Related Article »
Now: Sunni militants seized Falluja’s primary municipal
buildings on Jan. 3. The takeover came as an early and significant
victory for the group, initiating a slew of attacks south of the city.
Max Becherer for The New York Times
Tikrit
Then: The home of Saddam
Hussein, Tikrit became the target of an early American military
operation during the Iraq war. Securing it proved cumbersome, however,
as insurgents mounted continued attacks on the city for years afterward.
On Dec. 14, 2003, Hussein was found hiding in an eight-foot deep hole,
just south of Tikrit.
Related Article »
Now: Tikrit fell to ISIS insurgents on June 11,
clearing a path for them to march on to Baiji, home to one of Iraq’s
foremost oil-refining operations. After taking the city in less than a
day, militants continued the fight just south, in Samarra.
Chang W. Lee/The New York Times
Samarra
Then: Samarra is home to the
Askariya shrine, which was bombed in 2006, prompting an extended period
of sectarian violence across the country.
Related Article »
Now: After an initial attack on June 5, ISIS insurgents
have now positioned themselves just miles away from Samarra. It is
unclear whether they are capable of capturing the city in the coming
days, but the Shiite shrine makes it a volatile target.
Ayman Oghanna for The New York Times
Safin Hamed/Agence France-Presse — Getty Images
An Iraqi family, one of thousands who have fled Mosul for
the autonomous Kurdish region, walks past tents at a temporary camp.
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